School of Science and Technology 科技學院
Computing Programmes 電腦學系

VR Serious Game for Treatment of Trypophobia

WU Tsz Chung Kimble, CHEUNG Hoi Man, YAN Ho Yin

Programme Bachelor of Computing with Honours in Internet Technology
Supervisor Dr. Andrew Lui
Areas Virtual Reality Applications
Year of Completion 2017

Objectives

The aim of this project is to develop a serious game with VR technology on Android platform to help people with Trypophobia to reduce fear. The idea of serious game is applied in this project as we are aiming to use gaming as a treatment of Trypophobia. One of the treatments for phobias is exposure therapy.

To achieve the aim, the main objective of the project is to develop a VR game on Android platform that can be played as a treatment of Trypophobia.

The project has also defined a number of sub-objectives as follows:

  • Design a treatment procedure based on exposure therapy.
    • This treatment procedure will be the core of our application.
  • Design a questionnaire for player to determine which level of trypophobia they have.
    • The trypophobia questionnaire (TQ) shows 3 types of images, Trypophobic images, Non-trypophobic images and Images of unpleasant objects/scenes. Responses to the images will be recorded and converted into a score. According to Le, Cole & Wilkins (2015), people with higher TQ score experience less discomfort than people with lower TQ score [7]. TQ score help the users to determine game level.
  • Design and create mazes with relatively high contrast material at midrange spatial frequencies (Cole, G. G., & Wilkins, A. J.,2013) [1] for exposure-based treatment.
    • Mazes will be designed on several levels. The initial game level will be adjusted according to the user's TQ score. Users enter the level which depends on how serious their trypophobia are. More serious they are, the lower level they enter. Low-level mazes are smaller in size compared to high-level mazes. Trypophobic images will be inserted in the maze as part of the exposure therapy.
  • Design relaxing treatment to help player to overcome shock after gaming.
    • Provide relaxation exercise for user to recover from anxiety and stress after each game session. Breathing exercise will be given to user for relaxation purpose. Relaxing music will be played in the background.
  • Evaluation of the effectiveness of the game in treating Trypophobia.

Compare the TQ score of the same user of different time, before playing the game and after playing the game. 

Video Demonstration

Background and Methodology

This project aims to develop a VR serious game to treat Trypophobia.

To treat a phobia, the usual treatment is graded exposure of the patient to anxiety-producing stimuli (systematic desensitization). Patient creates a fear hierarchy starting at imagining the fear and building up in stages to the most fear-provoking images or even real things. There are some research reviews, however, showed that most of the patients have difficulty in applying imaginative techniques . In recent years, a new therapeutical approach called Virtual Reality Therapy (VRT) has arisen to change the status quo. VRT can create and generate stimuli for patient who have problem in imagining the fear or can't bear to experience real situation.

Main approach/idea:

  • Technology to be used:
    • Unity
    • VR
    • Android
  • Expected advantages of our solution
    • VR provides an immersive experience to users as if they are experiencing the game in real life. Users can experience events that they are unable or hard to do in real life.
    • Using Android platform with cardboard instead of using other VR devices because it is portable and much cheaper than other VR devices.

There are 3 main functions in the app. The first function of the app included a pre-game questionnaire, the user needs to complete it for the system to determine his level of fear towards trypophobia. The second function is the maze game, the user has exposed trypophobia objects during exploration of the maze. The third function is a post-game questionnaire, the user needs to complete it again for the system to decide if he has finished the treatment or not.

Fig.1 Use case diagram of Maze of Holes

Fig.2 Activity diagram of Maze of Holes

Conclusion and Future Development

“To develop a serious game with VR technology on Android platform to help people with Trypophobia to overcome the fear”. This is our main target and original intention. The goal is already achieved with the support of different parts in the treatment: Questionnaire to determine which level of trypophobia player has, develop a magnificent maze with realistic textures for exposure-based treatment, relaxing treatment design between each level of the game and a methodology to evaluate success or failure. We combined these parts together to make a great serious game – Maze of Holes.

According to the face-to-face interview. All interviewees have the improvement when facing trypophobic. In other words, they have all reduced the fear and treat trypophobia in some ways. It is an encouraged result to evaluate the whole game design is work very well as a treatment of trypophobia.

Jonathan Chiu
Marketing Director
3DP Technology Limited

Jonathan handles all external affairs include business development, patents write up and public relations. He is frequently interviewed by media and is considered a pioneer in 3D printing products.

Krutz Cheuk
Biomedical Engineer
Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital

After graduating from OUHK, Krutz obtained an M.Sc. in Engineering Management from CityU. He is now completing his second master degree, M.Sc. in Biomedical Engineering, at CUHK. Krutz has a wide range of working experience. He has been with Siemens, VTech, and PCCW.

Hugo Leung
Software and Hardware Engineer
Innovation Team Company Limited

Hugo Leung Wai-yin, who graduated from his four-year programme in 2015, won the Best Paper Award for his ‘intelligent pill-dispenser’ design at the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering’s International Conference on Consumer Electronics – China 2015.

The pill-dispenser alerts patients via sound and LED flashes to pre-set dosage and time intervals. Unlike units currently on the market, Hugo’s design connects to any mobile phone globally. In explaining how it works, he said: ‘There are three layers in the portable pillbox. The lowest level is a controller with various devices which can be connected to mobile phones in remote locations. Patients are alerted by a sound alarm and flashes. Should they fail to follow their prescribed regime, data can be sent via SMS to relatives and friends for follow up.’ The pill-dispenser has four medicine slots, plus a back-up with a LED alert, topped by a 500ml water bottle. It took Hugo three months of research and coding to complete his design, but he feels it was worth all his time and effort.

Hugo’s public examination results were disappointing and he was at a loss about his future before enrolling at the OUHK, which he now realizes was a major turning point in his life. He is grateful for the OUHK’s learning environment, its industry links and the positive guidance and encouragement from his teachers. The University is now exploring the commercial potential of his design with a pharmaceutical company. He hopes that this will benefit the elderly and chronically ill, as well as the society at large.

Soon after completing his studies, Hugo joined an automation technology company as an assistant engineer. He is responsible for the design and development of automation devices. The target is to minimize human labor and increase the quality of products. He is developing products which are used in various sections, including healthcare, manufacturing and consumer electronics.

Course Code Title Credits
  COMP S321F Advanced Database and Data Warehousing 5
  COMP S333F Advanced Programming and AI Algorithms 5
  COMP S351F Software Project Management 5
  COMP S362F Concurrent and Network Programming 5
  COMP S363F Distributed Systems and Parallel Computing 5
  COMP S382F Data Mining and Analytics 5
  COMP S390F Creative Programming for Games 5
  COMP S492F Machine Learning 5
  ELEC S305F Computer Networking 5
  ELEC S348F IOT Security 5
  ELEC S371F Digital Forensics 5
  ELEC S431F Blockchain Technologies 5
  ELEC S425F Computer and Network Security 5
 Course CodeTitleCredits
 ELEC S201FBasic Electronics5
 IT S290FHuman Computer Interaction & User Experience Design5
 STAT S251FStatistical Data Analysis5
 Course CodeTitleCredits
 COMPS333FAdvanced Programming and AI Algorithms5
 COMPS362FConcurrent and Network Programming5
 COMPS363FDistributed Systems and Parallel Computing5
 COMPS380FWeb Applications: Design and Development5
 COMPS381FServer-side Technologies and Cloud Computing5
 COMPS382FData Mining and Analytics5
 COMPS390FCreative Programming for Games5
 COMPS413FApplication Design and Development for Mobile Devices5
 COMPS492FMachine Learning5
 ELECS305FComputer Networking5
 ELECS363FAdvanced Computer Design5
 ELECS425FComputer and Network Security5